Definitive Guide for Portugal's Golden Visa in 2025

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The Portugal Golden Visa program, officially known as the Residence Permit for Investment Activity (ARI), is a residency-by-investment scheme designed to attract foreign capital to Portugal. It offers a pathway to permanent residency and, eventually, citizenship.

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Launched in October 2012, its primary goal was to attract international capital to boost Portugal's economy, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. The program has been highly successful, generating over €7.5 billion in investments since its inception.

One of the key advantages of the Golden Visa is the pathway to permanent residency or citizenship within just five years. With a minimum investment of €250,000—one of the lowest thresholds in Europe—applicants can qualify for residency without needing to relocate to Portugal. Simply staying in the country for an average of seven days per year is enough to maintain the permit.

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After five years, residents may apply for Portuguese citizenship, one of the fastest timelines in Europe. As a Portuguese citizen, you gain visa-free access to 191 countries, significantly expanding travel freedom.

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Benefits of the Portugal Golden Visa

• Visa-free travel within the Schengen Area: Enjoy unrestricted movement across Europe.

• Family reunification: Include your spouse and dependent children in your application.

• Path to citizenship: After five years of residency, you can apply for Portuguese citizenship. 

• Tax benefits: Explore potential tax advantages offered by Portugal under NHR tax regime which ends to new entrants at the end of 2024 before NHR 2.0 tax regime comes which has harder barriers to entry linked to business or highly skilled professionals and will no longer of tax benefits on pensions only other non-Portugal derived passive in one such as dividends and royalties.

Note: The Golden Visa will only bring tax responsibilities if you spend more than 183 days a year in Portugal. 

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Portugal Golden Visa Changes – What’s New in 2024?

As of October 6th, 2023, Portugal's government has enacted the “Mais Habitação Law,” which brings major changes to the Golden Visa program. One of the most significant updates is the removal of real estate investment options, meaning applicants can no longer acquire a Golden Visa through real estate purchases or related fund investments.

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Eliminated Investment Options:

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• Capital transfers of €1,500,000 or more.

• Purchase of real estate properties.

• Investments in funds directly or indirectly linked to real estate.

Remaining Investment Opportunities:

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• Venture capital funds: Capital transfers of €500,000 or more into qualifying venture capital funds that have no connection to real estate.

• Job creation: Creating at least 10 full-time jobs in Portugal.

• Scientific research: Capital transfers of €500,000 or more for investment in research activities at public or private scientific research institutions.

• Cultural and artistic support: A minimum capital transfer of €250,000 toward artistic production, or the preservation and recovery of national cultural heritage.

• Business creation: Investment of €500,000 or more to establish a commercial company within Portugal, with the obligation of creating five permanent jobs.

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Fund Investment Profiles

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Investors can choose from a variety of fund opportunities based on risk tolerance:

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Low Risk: Stable returns (~3-4% annually), typically in established companies.

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Medium Risk: Balanced investments (~6-12% annually), blending stable and emerging markets.

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High Risk: Focused on start-ups or venture capital, with the potential for high returns but greater risk.

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Arrange a call with a Portugal Pathways’ expert to discuss fund investment options

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Cultural and Artistic Golden Visa Options

• Cultural Production: A philanthropic route requiring a €250,000 donation to support national heritage or cultural projects. While offering the same residency benefits, this option is difficult to source and has a low success rate.

• Artistic Production: Another difficult option, where a €250,000 investment supports artistic endeavours like film or music production. Again, success rates are low, and legal support is often limited.

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Impact on current Golden Visa holders:
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Existing Golden Visa holders are not affected by these changes. They can continue to renew their visas, apply for family reunification, and pursue permanent residency as per previous regulations.

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Eligibility for the Portugal Golden Visa

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To qualify for the Golden Visa, you must:

• Be a non-EU citizen

• Make a qualifying investment in Portugal

• Have a clean criminal record

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Investment Options

• Fund Subscription: Invest at least €500,000 in a qualifying Portuguese fund.

• Company: Invest at least €500,000 in a Portuguese company.

• Donation: Donate at least €250,000 to a Portuguese public research institution or a non-profit organization.

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No longer available: 

• Real Estate Investment 

• Capital Transfer

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As of October 2023, these are no longer eligible options when acquiring a Golden Visa in Portugal.

Golden Visa Requirements 

Minimum Residence

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Golden Visa residents must spend fourteen days in Portugal within every two-year period. 

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Five Years Investment

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You must provide proof that you have personally made the minimum required investment. The primary applicant is obligated to maintain this investment for the duration of the Golden Visa residency, including for their dependents. 

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However, once you achieve permanent residency or Portuguese citizenship, you are no longer required to maintain the investment and may choose to liquidate it.

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Portugal Golden Visa Application Process

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• Choose an investment option: Decide which investment suits your goals and budget.

• Gather necessary documents: Prepare documentation such as proof of identity, financial statements, and investment confirmation.

• Submit your application: Submit your pre-application online to the Portuguese immigration authorities (AIMA). Oftentimes, a law firm will do this for you. 

• Attend a biometrics appointment: Visit a Portuguese consulate or embassy for biometric data collection.

• Receive your Golden Visa: If approved, you'll receive your Golden Visa. It typically takes six months from your biometrics appointment until you receive your Golden Visa residence cards.

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Required Documentation Details

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The below documentation is required for your Golden Visa application:

• A copy of your passport or an alternate government-issued travel document.

• Evidence that the main applicant has made the qualifying investment. (For investment funds, provide proof of fund subscription from the fund manager.)

• A statement confirming the transfer of funds, provided by a Portuguese financial institution. 

• A criminal record from your current country of residence, and a completed form authorising the Foreigners and Borders Service (SEF) to access criminal records in Portugal.

• A sworn statement affirming compliance with the minimum investment requirements for five years. 

• Documents demonstrating good standing with the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority and Social Security. (Must be issued within 45 days of form submission.)

• Proof of payment for the ARI application.

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All documents issued by a non-Portuguese entity must be legalised. If the country in question is a member of the Hague Convention, the legalisation process requires an apostille. 

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Documents not in Portuguese must be translation into Portuguese and certified, generally by a notary. 

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Tax Implications for Portugal Golden Visa

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Obtaining a Golden Visa in Portugal grants you legal residency, but it does not automatically classify you as a Portuguese tax resident.

Even if you remain solely a legal resident, you will still be subject to taxes on any income generated by your investment in Portugal. These taxes apply to income derived from sources such as rental properties, dividends, or capital gains associated with your Portuguese assets.

If you wish to establish tax residency in Portugal, you will need to meet specific criteria, including spending more than 183 days within the country during a fiscal year. This 183-day rule determines whether Portugal becomes your primary tax jurisdiction, at which point your global income may become subject to Portuguese taxation.

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Related Portugal Golden Visa Fees

Portugal Golden Visa – What to Consider About Living in Portugal

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Once you have a Golden Visa, you can live and work in Portugal. Consider factors like housing, healthcare, education, and lifestyle when deciding where to settle.

Housing: Quality and Cost of Real Estate

For affluent expats, finding high-quality housing is likely a top priority. Portugal offers a wide range of housing options, from luxurious villas on the Algarve coast to elegant apartments in Lisbon or Porto. However, there are important regional differences in price, style, and availability.

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• Lisbon: As the capital and largest city, Lisbon is a hub of culture, business, and tourism. This makes it a prime location for expats, especially those who prefer an urban lifestyle. Lisbon offers upscale properties in areas like Chiado, Príncipe Real, and Lapa, with stunning views of the city and the River Tagus. However, real estate prices in Lisbon have risen significantly in recent years, particularly in desirable neighborhoods, driven by both local demand and international interest.

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• Porto: Portugal's second-largest city offers a more affordable alternative to Lisbon while still providing a vibrant cultural scene. Known for its historic architecture and wine production, Porto has a range of luxury properties in neighborhoods like Foz do Douro or Boavista. The cost of living and property in Porto is generally lower than in Lisbon, making it an attractive option for those seeking a blend of city life and affordability.

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• The Algarve: For those looking for a coastal, resort-like environment, the Algarve offers beautiful beaches, world-class golf courses, and a relaxed lifestyle. Towns like Vilamoura, Lagos, and Albufeira are popular with retirees and affluent expats who want access to luxury villas, gated communities, and excellent amenities. However, as the Algarve is a highly sought-after destination for both tourists and expats, property prices can be steep, particularly in prime areas near the coast.

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2. Healthcare: Public vs. Private Options

Portugal boasts a robust healthcare system, which includes both public and private options. Affluent expats, especially those used to high-quality medical services, may want to consider the differences between these two systems.

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• Public Healthcare: Portugal's public healthcare system (Serviço Nacional de Saúde, SNS) is available to all residents and provides high-quality care. While it is affordable, some expats may find the system slower and less personalized compared to private care. Wait times for specialists or certain procedures can be longer, especially in more densely populated regions like Lisbon or Porto.

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• Private Healthcare: Many affluent expats opt for private healthcare, which offers quicker access to specialists, more personalized care, and luxurious facilities. Private healthcare facilities are concentrated in major cities and the Algarve. Expats can purchase private health insurance, which covers a wide range of services at a fraction of the cost they may expect in other countries. English-speaking doctors and medical staff are also more common in private clinics, making the experience smoother for non-Portuguese speakers.

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3. Education: International and Bilingual Schools

For expat families with children, education is a crucial factor when deciding where to live. Portugal offers a variety of schooling options, including public, private, and international schools.

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• International Schools: Affluent expats often prefer international schools, which follow curricula from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, or France. These schools are concentrated in Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve, offering high academic standards and a multicultural environment. Institutions like the Carlucci American International School of Lisbon or St. Julian's School are well-regarded and offer education from kindergarten through secondary levels. However, tuition can be expensive, and spaces are often limited, so early application is advised.

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• Bilingual Schools: Some expat families prefer bilingual schools, which combine Portuguese and international curricula. These schools provide an opportunity for children to learn the local language while receiving an education that aligns with global standards. Bilingual education can be a good option for families planning to stay in Portugal long-term, as it helps integrate children into the local culture while preparing them for international opportunities.

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4. Lifestyle: Quality of Life and Leisure Activities

One of the main reasons affluent expats choose Portugal is the exceptional quality of life the country offers. The pleasant Mediterranean climate, safety, and relatively low cost of living contribute to an enjoyable lifestyle. Affluent expats can indulge in fine dining, luxury shopping, and cultural activities in cities like Lisbon and Porto, or enjoy a more laid-back, outdoor-oriented lifestyle in the Algarve.

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• Leisure and Activities: Portugal is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, with opportunities for sailing, golfing, hiking, and surfing. The country also boasts a rich cultural heritage, with historic sites, museums, and world-class festivals. Expats in Portugal will find that leisure activities abound, whether they prefer the cosmopolitan offerings of Lisbon or the tranquil beaches of the Algarve.

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• Social Integration: While many Portuguese people speak English, especially in urban areas and tourist destinations, learning the language can significantly enhance an expat's experience. It helps in daily interactions and fosters a deeper connection with the local community. Many expats also join social clubs or expat networks to meet like-minded individuals and integrate more easily.

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Applying for Citizenship with Portugal Golden Visa

Golden Visa holders can apply for citizenship five years after submitting their initial Golden Visa application.

Requirements:

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• Obtain A2 level Portuguese language certification 
• A clean criminal record in Portugal and your home country
• No outstanding tax payments in Portugal

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A2 Level Language Certification

The Initial Certification of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (CIPLE) test follows the Common European Framework or Reference for Language (CEFR) and is required to demonstrate that the applicant has a basic level of Portuguese communication skills. The A2 level requires knowledge of simple words and phrases related to everyday essentials such as asking for directions, shopping, and simple conversations.

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The test has a registration fee of €79 and requires a passing mark of 55% across a reading and written section, listening comprehension, and oral interaction. Alternatively, you can take a recognised language course which will award you with A2 certification without taking the official test.

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Additional Information

• Family Reunification: Include your spouse, dependent children, and parents (if over 65) in your application.
• Tax Residency: Becoming a tax resident in Portugal may have tax implications.
• Legal Representation: Consider hiring one of our Portugal Pathways legal professionals to guide you through the application process.

Get in Touch

For personalised guidance and assistance, contact our expert team at Portugal Pathways.

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Portugal Golden Visa: Frequently Asked Questions

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Do I have to pay taxes in Portugal on my worldwide income?

No, you are only taxed on worldwide income if you spend 183 days or more in Portugal within a year.

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What taxes apply to income generated in Portugal under the Golden Visa program?

Non-resident investors in Golden Visa eligible funds often receive significant tax exemptions. Rental income from real estate in Portugal is taxed at a flat rate of 28%, while properties not generating income are not subject to income tax.

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What is the current wait time for the Golden Visa in Portugal?

The processing time for the Golden Visa varies and depends on the workload at AIMA (formerly SEF). Currently, after making the investment, it typically takes over a year to receive your residence card.

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Is full-time residency in Portugal required for Golden Visa holders?

No, you only need to stay in Portugal for a minimum of seven days per year. Otherwise, you can reside elsewhere.

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Does Portugal allow dual citizenship?

Yes, Portugal permits dual citizenship.

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What happens to my investment after five years?

After five years, you can either continue with the Golden Visa, apply for permanent residency, or pursue citizenship. If you choose residency or citizenship, you are free to sell or liquidate your investment.

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Can I sell my investment at any time if I no longer need the Golden Visa?

Yes, you are free to sell your investment if you no longer wish to hold the Golden Visa.

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What is a NIF (fiscal number) in Portugal, and do I need one?

A NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal) is required to conduct any official transactions in Portugal, including opening a bank account or purchasing real estate.

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Will obtaining a Golden Visa affect my tax obligations in Portugal?

Having a Golden Visa does not automatically make you a tax resident. You will only be taxed on income earned in Portugal, and your global income will remain unaffected unless you become a tax resident. Double Taxation Treaties also help avoid paying taxes twice on the same income.

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Do I need to pass a language test for the Golden Visa program?

No language test is required for the Golden Visa itself. However, if you apply for permanent residency or citizenship, you will need an A2 level certification in Portuguese.

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What countries are part of the Schengen Area?

The Schengen Area includes 26 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.

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What investment funds qualify for the Golden Visa?

Various venture capital funds with different strategies qualify for the Golden Visa. Arrange a call with Portugal Pathways’ experts to discuss your options 

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